Javelina | Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures

Javelina Overview

Appearance

Javelinas also known as collared peccaries, are medium-sized pig-like mammals with a distinctive appearance. They typically have dark brown to black coarse fur and a white band or “collar” running across their shoulders. Their bodies are compact, with short legs and a pig-like snout.

Origins And Evolution

Javelinas, or collared peccaries, belong to the family Tayassuidae, a distinct branch within the order Artiodactyla. Their origins and evolution can be traced back to the Miocene epoch, approximately 20 million years ago. Fossil records show that their ancestors were more diverse in terms of size and morphology.

Over time, these early peccary-like animals evolved into the modern collared peccaries found today. Javelinas are believed to have originated in North America, spreading across continents through various evolutionary stages. They share a common ancestor with the larger, extinct entelodonts, which were dominant during the Eocene period.

Table of Contents

During the Pleistocene epoch, collared peccaries adapted to changing environments and diversified into various species, with some migrating to South America. Their evolutionary path is marked by adaptations to different ecological niches.

These adaptations include changes in dentition and limb proportions to suit their omnivorous and terrestrial lifestyle. Javelinas, through their evolutionary journey, have become an integral part of the ecosystems they inhabit today.

Behavior and Lifestyle

Javelinas, also known as collared peccaries, are highly social animals that typically live in groups known as “sounders.” These sounders can consist of several individuals, often with a dominant female leading the group.

They are primarily diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, and they have a diverse omnivorous diet, including fruits, plants, insects, and small vertebrates.

Javelinas are skilled runners and can reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour when threatened. They communicate through a combination of vocalizations, including barks, grunts, and chattering teeth. Their strong sense of smell helps them forage for food and navigate their surroundings.

Javelina Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Tayassuidae
Genus: Pecari

Javelina Locations

Arizona, USA
New Mexico, USA
Texas, USA
Mexico
Central and South America
Sonoran Desert
Chihuahuan Desert
Southwestern United States
Central America
Northern South America

Fast Facts

Name: Javelina
Scientific Name: Pecari tajacu
Habitat: Deserts, Forests
Diet: Omnivorous, Plant-based
Physical Features: Collared, Stocky
Nocturnal: Diurnal mostly
Solitary: Group-living
Unique Order: Artiodactyla
Lifespan: 7-8 years
Conservation Status: Least Concern
Fun Facts: Peccaries, Scent glands

Physical Characteristics

Color: Brown, Gray
Skin Type: Coarse-haired
Top Speed: 35 km/h
Lifespan: 7-8 years
Weight: 20-40 kg
Length: 90-130 cm
Age of Sexual Maturity: 1-2 years
Age of Weaning: 2 months

Javelina FAQs

What is a javelina?

A javelina, also known as a collared peccary, is a medium-sized pig-like mammal found in the Americas.

Are javelinas pigs?

Javelinas are not pigs, although they resemble them. They belong to a different family, Tayassuidae, and have distinct characteristics.

What do javelinas eat?

Javelinas are omnivorous, with a diet that includes plants, fruits, roots, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates.

Do javelinas pose a threat to humans?

Javelinas are generally not considered a significant threat to humans, but they can become aggressive when cornered or if they feel threatened.

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