Northern Cardinal Overview
Appearance
The Northern Cardinal, often simply called the cardinal, is a medium-sized songbird with a distinctive appearance. Males are brilliant crimson-red, while females are a softer, reddish-brown color. Both genders have a prominent crest on their heads, a black face mask extending from their eyes to their beaks, and stout, conical bills.
Cardinals possess a sturdy, compact body with short wings and long tails. Their striking red plumage makes them highly recognizable and sought-after birds in many regions.
Origins And Evolution
The Northern Cardinal, scientifically known as Cardinalis cardinalis, has evolved as a distinctive bird species within the cardinal family Cardinalidae. Native to North America, these songbirds have ancient origins dating back millions of years.
Over evolutionary time, they diversified into various subspecies adapted to different regions. Cardinals belong to the order Passeriformes, which includes perching birds. Their plumage coloration has likely evolved due to sexual selection, with males displaying vibrant red plumage to attract mates.
This species has thrived in a range of habitats, including woodlands, gardens, and urban environments, showcasing their adaptability over their evolutionary history.
Behavior and Lifestyle
Northern Cardinals are known for their vibrant red plumage and melodious songs. They are primarily diurnal, and active during daylight hours. These birds are often seen perched on branches or at bird feeders, where they feed on seeds and fruits.
Cardinals are territorial and will defend their breeding territories against intruders, often engaging in vigorous displays of aggression. They have monogamous mating pairs, and both male and female Cardinals contribute to nest building and chick rearing, making them attentive parents.
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Aves
- Order: Passeriformes
- Family: Cardinalidae
- Genus: Cardinalis
- Species: Cardinalis cardinalis
Locations
- Eastern North America
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
- Central America
- Bermuda
- Introduced populations in Hawaii and California
Fast Facts
- Name: Northern Cardinal
- Scientific Name: Cardinalis cardinalis
- Habitat: Woodlands, gardens, shrubs
- Diet: Seeds, fruits, insects
- Physical Features: Vibrant red plumage, crest
- Nocturnal: Diurnal, active daytime
- Solitary: Often in pairs
- Unique Order: Passeriformes, songbirds
- Lifespan: Up to 15 years
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
- Fun Facts: State birds in multiple U.S. states, female too, territorial birds.
Physical Characteristics
- Color: Bright red (males), reddish-brown (females)
- Skin Type: Feathered
- Top Speed: Unknown but not known for speed
- Lifespan: Up to 15 years
- Weight: 1.2 to 1.6 oz (34 to 45 grams)
- Length: 8.3 to 9.1 inches (21 to 23 cm)
- Age of Sexual Maturity: 1 year
- Age of Weaning: 25-56 days
Northern Cardinal FAQs
What is a Northern Cardinal, and where is it found?
The Northern Cardinal is a songbird native to North America, known for its striking red plumage.
Why are male Northern Cardinals bright red?
Male Cardinals display vibrant red plumage to attract mates, and the color is associated with their health and vitality.
Do female Northern Cardinals also sing?
Yes, female Northern Cardinals sing as well, and they often sing to communicate with their mates.
Are Northern Cardinals migratory birds?
While some individuals may migrate, many Northern Cardinals are non-migratory and stay in their territories year-round.
What do Northern Cardinals eat?
They have a varied diet, including seeds, fruits, insects, and even small snails.
How do Northern Cardinals communicate?
Cardinals communicate through a variety of vocalizations, including their famous melodious songs.
Do Northern Cardinals mate for life?
Cardinals are monogamous during the breeding season and often form long-term pair bonds.
Are Northern Cardinals territorial birds?
Yes, they are known for defending their territories aggressively, especially during the breeding season.